{"id":9761,"date":"2018-10-31T00:47:00","date_gmt":"2018-10-31T00:47:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lei.flywheelsites.com\/?p=9761"},"modified":"2021-01-11T01:13:16","modified_gmt":"2021-01-11T01:13:16","slug":"whats-your-problem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lean.org\/the-lean-post\/articles\/whats-your-problem\/","title":{"rendered":"What&#8217;s your problem"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>You learn through solving problems, failing, reflecting on failure, and adjusting course.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>That quote sounds like something from Deming or Toyota. But, no, that\u2019s from that erstwhile problem solver n\u00e9e inventor Steve Jobs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There may be nothing more fundamental to&nbsp;lean thinking and practice&nbsp;than&nbsp;problem solving. For that matter, there may be nothing more fundamental to being human than&nbsp;problem solving. We breathe, we eat, we create civilizations \u2013 we deal with (solve, tackle) problems every step of the way. The&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.lean.org\/LeanPost\/Posting.cfm?LeanPostId=135\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">lean transformation framework<\/a>&nbsp;that we at LEI and LGN (Lean Global Network) have been using to frame the challenges of changing ourselves and our organizations in desired directions begins by asking the same question that Toyota begins with: what problem are we trying to solve?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But, to label an activity \u201cproblem solving\u201d neither solves any problems nor explains what&nbsp;problem solving&nbsp;even means. It may in fact create some. What is&nbsp;problem solving&nbsp;and how can we do it more effectively? The answer to how we can do it better is \u201cit depends.\u201d But, depends on what?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>That\u2019s where Art Smalley\u2019s new book&nbsp;<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lean.org\/Bookstore\/ProductDetails.cfm?SelectedProductId=418\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Four Types of Problems<\/a><\/em>&nbsp;comes in with a powerful contribution. Born of Toyota\u2019s&nbsp;problem solving&nbsp;approaches and philosophies, Art\u2019s framework gives us a practical yet profound way to move forward. Let\u2019s consider how it is helpful and ponder how you might use it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Not every problem looks like this familiar lean classic from Taiichi Ohno in which the problem of a machine breakdown can be tackled via a straightforward root cause analysis:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed aligncenter is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Clarifying the &#039;5 Whys&#039; Problem-Solving Method\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/acHG75ZQSMQ?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption>Watch the 5 Whys video above.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Sometimes problems are coming at you way too fast to pull out an&nbsp;A3&nbsp;sized sheet of paper or sit down for a thorough five why causal analysis. Think about a sudden accident and a trip to the ER. Or when your house is on fire. Or when a serious&nbsp;work&nbsp;condition requires attention. Sometimes you need to respond NOW:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-default\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"386\" height=\"267\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lean.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/andon-workstation-3.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9763\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.lean.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/andon-workstation-3.png 386w, https:\/\/www.lean.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/andon-workstation-3-190x131.png 190w, https:\/\/www.lean.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/andon-workstation-3-150x104.png 150w, https:\/\/www.lean.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/andon-workstation-3-300x208.png 300w, https:\/\/www.lean.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/andon-workstation-3-375x259.png 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 386px) 100vw, 386px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Effective Type One&nbsp;problem solving&nbsp;is much more than merely applying \u201cbandaids\u201d. Toyota\u2019s&nbsp;Jidoka&nbsp;concept informs countless examples of highly structured and effective processes that enable extraordinary levels of operational stability, providing a robust foundation for Type Two root cause analysis when called for.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This illustration explains (to view, click&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.lean.org\/shook\/DisplayObject.cfm?o=3301\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a>&nbsp;and come back in seven minutes!) Toyota\u2019s famous \u201cstop-the-line\u201d&nbsp;andon&nbsp;system (technically, the \u201cfixed-position stop system\u201d), which embodies a meticulously designed&nbsp;process&nbsp;to enable effective Type One&nbsp;problem solving. To enable flow yet contain any problem or defect, the&nbsp;process&nbsp;engages each worker in identifying and responding to each problem as it occurs; yet despite hundred and even thousands of&nbsp;andon&nbsp;calls each day &#8211; with each problem responded to one by one &#8211; overall flow is interrupted only a few minutes per shift! Powerful, indeed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Effectively tackling these types of problems may nor may not require a casual analysis later. If you don\u2019t have these skills at responding to things gone wrong, good luck with your&nbsp;kaizen. As Jim Lancaster reminds us in his book&nbsp;<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lean.org\/Bookstore\/ProductDetails.cfm?SelectedProductId=410\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Work of Management<\/a>:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote is-style-solid-color\"><blockquote><p><strong>\u201cIf Lean improvements are not impacting your income statement and you have little time for improvement work, maybe you don\u2019t have an improvement problem, maybe you have a deterioration problem.\u201d<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>And, not only that, you don\u2019t really want to sit and wait for problems to come at you. You\u2019d like to move from reactive to proactive mode, develop a target condition and take action to learn your way to get there. This is what Acme Stamping did in the classic example from&nbsp;<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lean.org\/Bookstore\/ProductDetails.cfm?SelectedProductId=9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Learning To See<\/a><\/em>; After a quick mapping exercise revealed the fact that material was moving at a snail\u2019s pace that required about one month to slog through Acme\u2019s operations, yet the actual&nbsp;value&nbsp;creating work time was only about three minutes (ouch), Acme decided to blow up its production&nbsp;process, beginning with a radical transformation of the flows of material and information which necessitated changes in\u2026everything. Spending essentially no money (creativity before capital!), Acme figured out how to reduce lead time from a month to less than a week:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-default\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"452\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lean.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/shook-a3-ACME-stamping-problem.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9764\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.lean.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/shook-a3-ACME-stamping-problem.png 600w, https:\/\/www.lean.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/shook-a3-ACME-stamping-problem-190x143.png 190w, https:\/\/www.lean.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/shook-a3-ACME-stamping-problem-150x113.png 150w, https:\/\/www.lean.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/shook-a3-ACME-stamping-problem-300x226.png 300w, https:\/\/www.lean.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/shook-a3-ACME-stamping-problem-375x283.png 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>As for Type Four&nbsp;problem solving, think of deciding in 1960 to put a man on the moon by the end of the decade when the path to achieve this loftiest of lofty ambitions was fraught with uncertainty, known and unknown unknowns, and tremendous risk. JFK indeed carried an expansive view of&nbsp;problem solving; consider these words he delivered at American University in 1963 \u201cNo problem of human destiny is beyond human beings.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-default\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"334\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lean.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/moon-landing.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9765\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.lean.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/moon-landing.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.lean.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/moon-landing-190x127.jpg 190w, https:\/\/www.lean.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/moon-landing-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.lean.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/moon-landing-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.lean.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/moon-landing-375x251.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>in these four approaches enables an organization to attain stability, sustain gains, and advance steadily towards its goals and visions. The four types in summary:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol><li><strong>Troubleshooting<\/strong>: a reactive&nbsp;process&nbsp;of rapidly (and sometimes temporarily) fixing problems by quickly returning conditions to immediately known standards or normal conditions.<\/li><li><strong>Gap-from-standard&nbsp;problem solving<\/strong>: solving problems at root cause relative to existing standards or conditions.<\/li><li><strong>Target-state&nbsp;problem solving<\/strong>: removing obstacles toward achieving a well-defined vision or new and better standards or conditions (i.e.,&nbsp;kaizen&nbsp;or continuous improvement).<\/li><li><strong>Open-ended&nbsp;problem solving&nbsp;&amp; Innovation<\/strong>: open-ended pursuit of a (perhaps) vision or ideal conditions (new products, processes, services, or systems).<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Graphically, you can think of it this way:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-default\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lean.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/four-types-of-problems-circle.jpg\" alt=\"4 types of problems circle\" class=\"wp-image-9766\" width=\"306\" height=\"311\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.lean.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/four-types-of-problems-circle.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.lean.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/four-types-of-problems-circle-190x193.jpg 190w, https:\/\/www.lean.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/four-types-of-problems-circle-150x153.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.lean.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/four-types-of-problems-circle-295x300.jpg 295w, https:\/\/www.lean.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/four-types-of-problems-circle-375x382.jpg 375w, https:\/\/www.lean.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/four-types-of-problems-circle-32x32.jpg 32w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 306px) 100vw, 306px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>In other words, problematic situations can be viewed through different lenses and viewing angles. For example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-default\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lean.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/four-types-of-problems-circle-with-copy.jpg\" alt=\"4 types of problems with descriptions\" class=\"wp-image-9767\" width=\"690\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.lean.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/four-types-of-problems-circle-with-copy.jpg 936w, https:\/\/www.lean.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/four-types-of-problems-circle-with-copy-190x83.jpg 190w, https:\/\/www.lean.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/four-types-of-problems-circle-with-copy-150x65.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.lean.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/four-types-of-problems-circle-with-copy-600x261.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.lean.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/four-types-of-problems-circle-with-copy-300x130.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.lean.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/four-types-of-problems-circle-with-copy-768x334.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.lean.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/four-types-of-problems-circle-with-copy-375x163.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 690px) 100vw, 690px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>No one size fits all in building skills, in&nbsp;coaching&nbsp;others, or in&nbsp;problem solving. There are already way too many hammers running around looking for nails to beat down. The most important contribution of Art\u2019s Four Types categorization is that it provides a self-reflection framework for managers and executives to assess and understand the state of their organization\u2019s problem-solving capability. Does your team (do YOU?) have capability in all four types? Probably not. Surely no one is as strong as they\u2019d like to be across the board. Your team may be very strong in the skills required to perform well in one or two of the types of problem situations and quite weak in the other two. Solid skills across the board will enable you and your team to flourish no matter the kinds of problems that present themselves to you.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>With&nbsp;<em>Four Types of Problems<\/em>, Art Smalley is helping LEI and you in the lean community or anyone working within any team context to address the problems most critical to the long-term health of their organizations\u2014the challenge of how to support the development of better problem-solving organizations and individuals. We know that&nbsp;<em>Four Types of Problems<\/em>&nbsp;does NOT represent the final word on this important topic. Rather it is the latest step forward in the evolution in a long history of humans trying to solve problems and make things better. As such, our hope is that Four Types will kick off a new round of exploration. And so this particular problem-solving&nbsp;process, for LEI, includes a feedback loop from end users for us to learn what works, what does not work, and how certain tools actually get applied. We look forward to learning how you actually use this book, and with that information we can understand if we have solved our problem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>John Shook<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>You learn through solving problems, failing, reflecting on failure, and adjusting course. That quote sounds like something from Deming or Toyota. But, no, that\u2019s from that erstwhile problem solver n\u00e9e inventor Steve Jobs. There may be nothing more fundamental to&nbsp;lean thinking and practice&nbsp;than&nbsp;problem solving. For that matter, there may be nothing more fundamental to being [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"6518,8793,6834,4741,8712,6590","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[31,26],"tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>What&#039;s your problem - Lean Enterprise Institute<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lean.org\/the-lean-post\/articles\/whats-your-problem\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"What&#039;s your problem - Lean Enterprise Institute\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"You learn through solving problems, failing, reflecting on failure, and adjusting course. 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